v Contents
11 Airport Design and Compatibility 173
11.1 Basics of airport design 173
11.2 Runway pavements 196
11.3 Airport traffic data 197
11.4 FAA-AAS airport documents 197
11.5 Worldwide airport geographical data 205
11.6 Airport reference sources and
bibliography 205
12 Basic Mechanical Design 215
12.1 Engineering abbreviations 215
12.2 Preferred numbers and preferred sizes 215
12.3 Datums and tolerances – principles 217
12.4 Toleranced dimensions 218
12.5 Limits and fits 223
12.6 Surface finish 227
12.7 Computer aided engineering 224
13 Reference Sources 235
13.1 Websites 235
13.2 Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics 235
13.3 Manufacturing/materials/structures 235
13.4 Aircraft sizing/multidisciplinary design 240
13.5 Helicopter technology 240
13.6 Flying wings 240
13.7 Noise 241
13.8 Landing gear 241
13.9 Airport operations 241
13.10Propulsion 242
Appendix 1 Aerodynamic stability and control
derivatives 243
Appendix 2 Aircraft response transfer
functions 245
Appendix 3 Approximate expressions for
dimensionless aerodynamic
stability and control derivatives 247
Appendix 4 Compressible flow tables 253
Appendix 5 Shock wave data 261
Index 269
Preface
The objective of this Aeronautical Engineer’s
Data book is to provide a concise and useful
source of up-to-date information for the
student or practising aeronautical engineer.
Despite the proliferation of specialized infor-
mation sources, there is still a need for basic
data on established engineering rules, conver-
sions, modern aircraft and engines to be avail-
able in an easily assimilated format.
An aeronautical engineer cannot afford to
ignore the importance of engineering data and
rules. Basic theoretical principles underlie the
design of all the hardware of aeronautics. The
practical processes of fluid mechanics, aircraft
design, material choice, and basic engineering
design form the foundation of the subject.
Technical standards, directives and regulations
are also important – they represent accumu-
lated knowledge and form invaluable guide-
lines for the industry.
The purpose of the book is to provide a
basic set of technical data that you will find
useful. It is divided into 13 sections, each
containing specific ‘discipline’ information.
Units and conversions are covered in Section
2; a mixture of metric and imperial units are
still in use in the aeronautical industry. Infor-
mation on FAA regulations is summarized in
Section 1 – these develop rapidly and affect us
all. The book contains cross-references to
other standards systems and data sources. You
will find these essential if you need to find
more detailed information on a particular
subject. There is always a limit to the amount
viii Preface
of information that you can carry with you –
the secret is knowing where to look for the
rest.
More and more engineering information is
now available in electronic form and many
engineering students now use the Internet as
their first source of reference information for
technical information. This new Aeronautical
Engineer’s Data Book contains details of a
wide range of engineering-related websites,
including general ‘gateway’ sites such as the
Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library
(EEVL) which contains links to tens of
thousands of others containing technical infor-
mation, product/company data and aeronauti-
cal-related technical journals and newsgroups.
You will find various pages in the book
contain ‘quick guidelines’ and ‘rules of thumb’.
Don’t expect these all to have robust theoret-
ical backing – they are included simply
because I have found that they work. I have
tried to make this book a practical source of
aeronautics-related technical information that
you can use in the day-to-day activities of an
aeronautical career.
Finally, it is important that the content of
this data book continues to reflect the infor-
mation that is needed and used by student and
experienced engineers. If you have any sugges-
tions for future content (or indeed observations
or comment on the existing content) please
submit them to me at the following e-mail
address: aerodatabook@aol.com
Clifford Matthews
Acknowledgements
Special thanks are due to Stephanie Evans,
Sarah Pask and John King for their excellent
work in typing and proof reading this book.
Disclaimer
This book is intended to assist engineers and
designers in understanding and fulfilling their
obligations and responsibilities. All interpreta-
tion contained in this publication – concerning
technical, regulatory and design information
and data, unless specifically otherwise identi-
fied, carries no authority. The information
given here is not intended to be used for the
design, manufacture, repair, inspection or
certification of aircraft systems and equipment,
whether or not that equipment is subject to
design codes and statutory requirements.
Engineers and designers dealing with aircraft
design and manufacture should not use the
information in this book to demonstrate
compliance with any code, standard or regula-
tory requirement. While great care has been
taken in the preparation of this publication,
neither the author nor the publishers do
warrant, guarantee, or make any representa-
tion regarding the use of this publication in
terms of correctness, accuracy, reliability,
currentness, comprehensiveness, or otherwise.
Neither the publisher, author, nor anyone, nor
anybody who has been involved in the
creation, production, or delivery of this
product shall be liable for any direct, indirect,
consequential, or incidental damages arising
from its use.
Section 1
Important regulations and
directives
A fundamental body of information is
contained in the US Federal Aviation Regula-
tions (FAR). A general index is shown below:
Federal Aviation Regulations
Chapters I and III
Subchapter A – definitions and
abbreviations
Part 1: Definitions and abbreviations
Subchapter B – procedural rules
Part 11: General rule-making procedures
Part 13: Investigative and enforcement
procedures
Part 14: Rules implementing the Equal
Access to Justice Act of 1980
Part 15: Administrative claims under
Federal Tort Claims Act
Part 16: Rules of practice for federally-
assisted airport enforcement
proceedings
Part 17: Procedures for protests and
contracts disputes
Subchapter C – aircraft
Part 21: Certification procedures for
products and parts
Part 23: Airworthiness standards: normal,
utility, acrobatic, and commuter
category airplanes
Part 25: Airworthiness standards: transport
category airplanes
2 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Part 27: Airworthiness standards: normal
category rotorcraft
Part 29: Airworthiness standards: transport
category rotorcraft
Part 31: Airworthiness standards: manned
free balloons
Part 33: Airworthiness standards: aircraft
engines
Part 34: Fuel venting and exhaust emission
requirements for turbine engine
powered airplanes
Part 35: Airworthiness standards:
propellers
Part 36: Noise standards: aircraft type and
airworthiness certification
Part 39: Airworthiness directives
Part 43: Maintenance, preventive
maintenance, rebuilding, and
alteration
Part 45: Identification and registration
marking
Part 47: Aircraft registration
Part 49: Recording of aircraft titles and
security documents
Subchapter D – airmen
Part 61: Certification: pilots and flight
instructors
Part 63: Certification: flight crewmembers
other than pilots
Part 65: Certification: airmen other than
flight crewmembers
Part 67: Medical standards and certification
Subchapter E – airspace
Part 71: Designation of class a, class b,
class c, class d, and class e
airspace areas; airways; routes; and
reporting points
Part 73: Special use airspace
Part 77: Objects affecting navigable
airspace
Subchapter F – air traffic and
3 Important regulations and directives
general operation rules
Part 91:
Part 93:
Part 95:
Part 97:
Part 99:
Part 101:
Part 103:
Part 105:
Part 107:
Part 108:
Part 109:
Part 119:
Part 121:
Part 125:
Part 129:
Part 133:
Part 135:
Part 137:
Part 139:
General operating and flight rules
Special air traffic rules and airport
traffic patterns
IFR altitudes
Standard instrument approach
procedures
Security control of air traffic
Moored balloons, kites, unmanned
rockets and unmanned free
balloons
Ultralight vehicles
Parachute jumping
Airport security
Airplane operator security
Indirect air carrier security
Subchapter G – air carriers and
operators for compensation or
hire: certification and operations
Certification: air carriers and
commercial operators
Operating requirements: domestic,
flag, and supplemental operations
Certification and operations:
airplanes having a seating capacity
of 20 or more passengers or a
maximum payload capacity of
6000 pounds or more
Operations: foreign air carriers
and foreign operators of US –
registered aircraft engaged in
common carriage
Rotorcraft external-load
operations
Operating requirements:
commuter and on-demand
operations
Agricultural aircraft operations
Certification and operations: land
airports serving certain air carriers
Subchapter H – schools and other
certificated agencies
4 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Part 141: Pilot schools
Part 142: Training centers
Part 145: Repair stations
Part 147: Aviation maintenance technician
schools
Subchapter I – airports
Part 150: Airport noise compatibility
planning
Part 151: Federal aid to airports
Part 152: Airport aid program
Part 155: Release of airport property from
surplus property disposal
restrictions
Part 156: State block grant pilot program
Part 157: Notice of construction, alteration,
activation, and deactivation of
airports
Part 158: Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs)
Part 161: Notice and approval of airport
noise and access restrictions
Part 169: Expenditure of federal funds for
nonmilitary airports or air
navigation facilities thereon
Subchapter J – navigational
facilities
Part 170: Establishment and discontinuance
criteria for air traffic control
services and navigational facilities
Part 171: Non-federal navigation facilities
Subchapter K – administrative
regulations
Part 183: Representatives of the
administrator
Part 185: Testimony by employees and
production of records in legal
proceedings, and service of legal
process and pleadings
Part 187: Fees
Part 189: Use of federal aviation
administration communications
system
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